Agricultural extension work has a venerable, albeit largely unrecorded, history. Background agricultural research in ethiopia began in jimma and ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then college of agriculture at alemaya in 1957 and later in 1965 included debre zeit. Mission of ethiopias extension system create modern, effective and efficient agricultural extension system through enhanced marketoriented. Jones is senior lecturer, agricultural extension and rural development department, and chris garforth is senior lecturer and head of the agricultural extension and rural development department, both at the university of reading, united kingdom.
The role of extension in agricultural development essay cram. This paper begins with a brief overview of efforts to promote improved seed, chemical fertilizers, extension services, and other modern agricultural inputs and services in ethiopia. Todays understanding of extension goes beyond technology transfer to facilitation, beyond training to learning, and includes helping farmers form groups, deal with marketing issues, and partner with a broad range of service providers and other agencies. Historical perspectives began in 1931, with the establishment of ambo agricultural school, but not do extension work in the sense of the term that we understand today belay, 2003 limited extension activities began with establishment of ministry of agriculture in 1943.
Kamara, zuzana brixiova are research economist, research division manager and. As a meaningbearing phrase, an agricultural extension is an approach that aims to provide uninformed farmers and their households with relevant information about new farming practices and techniques that can boost agricultural production and improve living standards. Ethiopias most promising resource is its agricultural land. Other articles where history of ethiopia is discussed. Agricultural extension service has to be competent in agricultural skills, to communicate efficiently with producers and stimulate them to acquire new knowledge. Ethiopias new start, reflecting his view on how to create an enabling environment for agricultural development. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to. History of agricultural extension in the world and in africa. Ethiopia s highlands and their lowland peripheries offer a distinctive and, in many ways, ideal setting for human habitation and the evolution of agricultural ecologies. The political economy of agricultural extension policy in.
In october 2010, a fiveyear agricultural growth program agp i was signed between the government of ethiopia goe, and the world bank ida including other development partners. The agricultural sector currently contributes 47% of the gross national product ethiopian economy, 2015. Agricultural extension work in ethiopia began in 1931 with the establishment of the. Background agricultural research in ethiopia began in jimma and ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then college of agriculture at alemaya in 1957 and. For outcomes from agricultural research to bring about meaningful development in ethiopia, these issues, among many others, need to be addressed by the current and future ethiopian governments.
Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. This section provides details on the history of agricultural extension in ethiopia and the current extension system. Though in person extension meetings, events and classes are canceled until june 30, we are still working in your communities and bringing online education and resources to all minnesotans. Owing to the fact that ethiopia has vast potential for agricultural production, the gtp primarily focuses on boosting agricultural production. Policy makers and donor agencies have so far been emphasized the use of modem farm technologies as a sole source of agricultural growth in ethiopia. Extension services, ethiopia, politics, control, input markets 1 introduction over the past 20 years, when many african governments have shown limited commitment to supporting smallholder agriculture and when many have neglected agricultural extension services in particular, the government of ethiopia has consistently invested in both. Realizing the importance of agricultural research in economic development the ethiopian government established the institute of agricultural research iar in 1966 as a semi. Ethiopias agriculture agriculture in ethiopia is the main form of livelihood for the majority of the population. Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. The country is still unable to feed itself despite improved agricultural policies since the fall of the revolutionary regime. The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition vol.
Chapter 1 the history, development, and future of agricultural extension. The history of integrated rural development efforts in ethiopia dates to the late. The story of maize in ethiopias agricultural history is emblematic of the struggle between pressures for change and the inertia of tradition felt by farmers. Development agents, extension professionals, subject matter specialists, farmers representatives, politicians and researchers tend to contact only them. Ethiopia has great agricultural potential because of its vast areas of fertile land, diverse climate, generally adequate rainfall, and large labor pool. Ethiopias highlands and their lowland peripheries offer a distinctive and, in many ways, ideal setting for human habitation and the evolution of agricultural ecologies. Historical background the agricultural sector in ethiopia represents 45 % of the gdp and about 85 % of the population gains their livelihood directly or indirectly from agricultural production including livestock.
A brief history of public extension policies, resources and advisory activities in ethiopia. Convinced that the information contained in this report is important especially in. Haramaya university, formerly known as alemaya university, was established with the initiative of emperor haile selassie in 1954 based on the need for modernizing ethiopian agriculture in particular and education in general through the establishment of an agricultural college and training. This paper examines the participation of farmers in the participatory demonstration and training extension system and looks into the principal barriers. Chapter 1 the history, development, and future of agricultural. Although soil erosion, overgrazing, and deforestation have seriously damaged the plateaus, nearly half the potentially cultivable land is still available for use. Research and developments issues do not function in vacuum.
Burt t his publication is designed to help you learn more about agricultural cooperatives or to help you think through the process of organizing and operating such a business. Brief overview of agricultural extension and its evolution in ethiopia. Informal farmers groups have a short history in the ethiopian context. Ethiopia agriculture, information about agriculture in. Kalim qamar food and agriculture organization of the united nations rome, 2003. Chief among these was the development and use of the. Most of the reserve land is located in parts of the country that have favourable climatic conditions for intensive. South korean strategy for agricultural technology transfer to developing countries case of rural development administration paper outline access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food is the right of everyone. Mccann madison and london, university of wisconsin press, 1995. In an effort to boost investments and productivity, intraafrican trade and regional agrifood value chains. Nov 23, 2011 the discussion of the history of agricultural extension in nigeria is treated briefly in the precolonial and colonial periods as well as in the current or postcolonial epoch.
A view from the farm abeje berhanu 0f 1 since the 1960s, ethiopia has been experimenting with different agricultural extension programs e. Effectiveness of the extension service provision 5 4. The aswap is a prioritised resultsoriented framework for implementing the agricultural components of the malawi growth and development strategy mgds. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers. Access to land is the one area where progress has been significant and has direct positive implications for address gender disparities in the agricultural sector. It is a significant social innovation, an important force in agricultural change. Accounting for over 40 percent of gdp, 80 percent of exports, and 80 percent of the labor force, agriculture remained in 1991 the economys most important sector. Agricultural extension activity is important agrarianpolitical instrument of the state which stimulates the development of agricultural production. Ethiopia s new start, reflecting his view on how to create an enabling environment for agricultural development. History and institutions in agricultural extension provision in uganda 2 4. Our findings suggest that strengthening extension services to make them more responsive to the needs of farmers can induce a switch to more commercial, marketoriented.
Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension. These extension approaches have been pushing in one way or another for increased use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield. Korea has always strived for a world free from hunger and poverty, and will participate actively in the. The discussion of the history of agricultural extension in nigeria is treated briefly in the precolonial and colonial periods as well as in the current or postcolonial epoch. Agricultural extension work in ethiopia began in 1931 with the establishment of the ambo agricultural school which is one of the oldest agricultural institutions inethiopia and the first agricultural high schoolofferinggeneral education withamajor emphasis on agriculture.
The role of extension in agricultural development by ifeoma irohibe department of agricultural extension, university of nigeria, nsukka agriculture is the science of cultivating crops and rearing animals for the benefit of man and also includes other processes such as processing, storage and marketing of agricultural produce. Trends, constraints and opportunities 1 adeleke salami, abdul b. A brief introduction to agricultural cooperatives l. When in 1904 the ceylon agricultural society was formed to promote experimental work, it also began an agricultural extension service with the objective of reaching native cultivators arasasingham, 1981. This will provide policy makers in the sa national and provincial departments of agriculture, the extension service, nongovernmental organizations ngos. South korean strategy for agricultural technology transfer to. Aug, 2018 development agents, extension professionals, subject matter specialists, farmers representatives, politicians and researchers tend to contact only them. Mission statement the mission of the journal of agricultural extension is to publish conceptual papers and empirical research that tests, extends, or builds agricultural extension theory and contributes to the practice of extension worldwide.
Haramaya university, formerly known as alemaya university, was established with the initiative of emperor haile selassie in 1954 based on the need for modernizing ethiopian agriculture in particular and education in general through the establishment. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Africa ssa is characterised by comparatively slow growth in agricultural productivity. Introduction the agricultural sector continues to play a crucial role for development, especially in lowincome. Prepared under the aegis of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao, this text presents a fresh and comprehensive look at agricultural development policy. This paper examines the participation of farmers in the participatory demonstration and training extension system and looks into the principal barriers to the adoption of modern agricultural inputs. The government of ethiopia goe is pursuing an ambitious growth and transformation plan gtp that foresees ethiopia in the bracket of a middle income country by 2020. The nations agricultural production is overwhelmingly of a subsistence nature. Extension, education and communication service research, extension and training division sustainable development department agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge by william mcleod rivera in collaboration with m. Extension system and to identify the most important barriers to the adoption of modem agricultural inputs. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83. I historical origins of agriculture marek zvelebil and mark pluciennik encyclopedia of life support systems eolss resources had to be complementary, so they could form an adaptable package, or an agricultural system that could then develop further. Ethiopia, the second populous nation in africa with 85% of its population currently estimated to be at 96. Ethiopias input systems and markets in historical perspective.
While significant progress has been achieved in kenya and mauritius, internal strife in the other countries has held back major efforts to strengthen the role and performance of agricultural extension. Section n provides a brief discussion on the method ofdata collection and the study areas. Lack of skilled personnel, weak linkages between agricultural extension and research, and small landholdings have also worked against surplus production. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross. If you are facing any problem than fill form contact us. While the focus is on creating a new cooperative, many of the ideas may be of interest to those thinking. Ethiopia tomato production in ethiopia challenged by pest. This chapter outlines the main extension methods which can be used and contains some guidance on how to choose appropriate methods for different target groups. The field of extension now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies. The country is still unable to feed itself despite improved agricultural policies since. It is designed to operationalise the caadp compact signed by the government and its development partners. Explain the history of agricultural extension in the world.
Are agricultural extension packages what ethiopian. Our study aims to begin to fill this evidence gap with the goal of identifying and encouraging the uptake of best practices for the delivery of extension services by governments. An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. The case of participatory demonstration and training extension system article pdf available in journal of social development in africa 181. Apart fromtraining students and demonsting the potential effects of. Along with school gardens willis, 1922, the extension workers were considered an effective way of demonstrating improved cultivation practices to villagers. The impact of strengthening agricultural extension services. Guide to agricultural drainage systems, including planning and design strategies, calculators. The program, financed on the basis of this agreement, has been under implementation in 96 high potential agriculture. History of agriculture in ethiopia oxford research. The objective of this paper is to present the history and theory of, and problems associated with, traditional agricultural cooperatives.
Sep 02, 2016 lack of skilled personnel, weak linkages between agricultural extension and research, and small landholdings have also worked against surplus production. Though inperson extension meetings, events and classes are canceled until june 30, we are still working in your communities and bringing online education and resources to all minnesotans. The ethiopian agricultural extension system and its. The contents are provided free for noncommercial purpose such as teaching, training, research, extension and self learning. Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. Agricultural extension can thus be defined as the entire set of organizations that. Dimensions of agriculture extension pdf book agrimoon. Ethiopia is often considered a leader in its commitment to extension. Vision for ethiopias extension system modern agriculture integrated with the rest of the economy and a wealthy society free from food insecurity and poverty. This overview of the agricultural extension system in ethiopia is part of the. There is an evident dichotomy in many rural development policies in the world between extension driven adoption of modern inputs and community. Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension service on farm productivity in ethiopia int. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia summary of essp ii working paper 20, seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 12 in spite of nearly two decades of policies that placed high priority on boosting agricultural production and productivity.
Heavy investments in dams and irrigated agriculture also foretell new agricultural landscapes of riverain areas that will need to coexist with the classic highland smallholder farms. Indepth assessment of the public agricultural extension. Department of rural development and agricultural extension. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia. Extension services are currently supported by a range of government, donorbased, cooperative and farmer groups and private agents. Ethiopias agriculture sector policy and investment. Agriculture, which constituted 46 percent of gdp and more than 80 percent of exports in 1998, is by far the most important economic activity in the ethiopian economy 1998 est. History of agricultural extension in nigeria peakng. The ranges in climate variability by season and over time framed a sophisticated set of crops, agricultural practices, and local political ecologies. The agricultural sector greatly influences economic performance, accounting for about 46% of the national gdp, and over 84% of export commodities. Agricultural research in ethiopia began in jimma and ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then college of agriculture at alemaya in 1957 and later in 1965 included debre zeit. The only one of its type in the country, the department of agricultural extension at haramaya university has been created at about the time when the new national extension intervention programme was on the anvil and was meant to specifically serve the purpose of agricultural development led industrialization adli policy by providing the required trained human resource. His knowledge of the ethiopian agricultural extension system has been.
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